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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20075, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403710

ABSTRACT

Abatsract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen and its clinical importance is mainly related to nosocomial infections. Increased rates of bacterial resistance in recent years has led WHO to publish a global priority list to guide research and discovery of new antibiotics, where P. aeruginosa is among the group of bacteria for which there is a critical level of priority for new drugs to be discovered. In this context, isoeugenol appears as an interesting alternative and the objective of this study was to investigate its action against P. aeruginosa. Isoeugenol presented significant antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 128µg/mL, and was considered bactericidal against this species. Molecular docking revealed interactions that suggest that isoeugenol may bind to the enzyme Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 and interfere with the bacterial cell wall synthesis process. This study reinforces the antibacterial potential of this compound and emphasizes that more studies are needed in order to better investigate its mechanism of antibacterial action.


Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Bacteria/classification , World Health Organization , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/instrumentation , Penicillin-Binding Proteins/agonists , Reference Drugs , Molecular Docking Simulation/methods
2.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 20(2): 296-300, set 29, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1354492

ABSTRACT

Introduction: tuberculosis is a bacteriosis caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which initially affects the lungs, however it can become extrapulmonary. Although this infection is an important public health problem in Brazil, epidemiological studies on this disease are scarce. Objective: thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological profile of people affected by tuberculosis in Campina Grande ­ PB, between the years 2014 to 2018. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, in which data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the "Sistema Único de Saúde". Results: Between 2014 and 2018, 795 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Campina Grande-PB, with 2018 having the highest number of cases (24.6%). The epidemiological profile of those affected was predominantly male, aged 20 to 39 years, with low schooling, mixed race and residents of the urban area. When associating sex with immunosuppressive factors, a statistically significant association was observed between, HIV, the state of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and alcoholism (p <0.05). Conclusion: in this way, the data of this research can guide the development of indicators and public policies for the most susceptible population.


Introdução: a tuberculose é uma bacteriose causada pelo agente etiológico Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que inicialmente acomete os pulmões, entretanto pode tornar-se extrapulmonar. Mesmo esta infecção tratando-se de um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil, há grande escassez de estudos epidemiológicos referentes a essa doença. Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo elucidar o perfil epidemiológico de acometidos por tuberculose em Campina Grande, PB, entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, analítico e documental, em que os dados foram coletados a partir do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: entre 2014 a 2018, foram notificados 795 casos de tuberculose em Campina Grande, PB, sendo que o ano de 2018 foi aquele com o maior número de casos ­ 24,6%. O perfil epidemiológico de acometidos foi, predominantemente, de indivíduos do gênero masculino, com 20 a 39 anos de idade, baixa escolaridade, etnia parda e residentes da zona urbana. Ao associar o gênero com os fatores imunossupressores, observouse associação estatisticamente significativa entre VIH, estado de SIDA e alcoolismo (p<0,05). Conclusão: assim, os dados desta pesquisa podem nortear o desenvolvimento de indicadores e políticas públicas para a população mais susceptível.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tuberculosis , Epidemiology , Mycobacterium , Ethnicity , Epidemiologic Studies , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Retrospective Studies , Educational Status
3.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 120-124, maio 5, 2021. fig, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355053

ABSTRACT

Introduction: dermatophytoses or "tineas" are characterized by being mycoses caused by fungi of the genera Epidermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum. These mycotic infections can present themselves as a form of lesions that affect the skin, hair and nails of individuals of both genders and all ages. Objective: to elucidate the epidemiological profile of dermatophytoses in patients examined by a private clinical analysis laboratory in João Pessoa-PB, between 2015 and 2019. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, analytical, retrospective and documentary study, in which data collection took place at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory ­ "HEMATO", located in João Pessoa ­ PB. Results: the profile of those affected was predominantly female (58.5%), 18 to 59 years old (38.4%), white (53.6%) and with lesions, mainly in skin glabrous (38.5%), feet (33.3%) and nails (12.8%). When relating the age group to the injury site, it was noticed that injuries on glabrous skin, feet and nails, were more frequent in individuals aged 18 to 59 years, while injuries to the scalp were mostly found in individuals younger than 18 years old. The most prevalent species were M. canis (31.9%) and T.rubrum (31.9%). When correlating the fungal species with the lesion site, it was noted that M. canis was the main agent responsible for lesions in glabrous skin, scalp and hands, while T. rubrum was predominantly observed in nails and T. mentagrophytes in feet. Conclusion: it is concluded that the data present in this research can promote the development of indicators and public policies for the population most susceptible to dermatophytosis.


Introdução: dermatofitoses ou tineas se caracterizam por serem micoses causadas por fungos dos gêneros Epidermophyton, Trichophyton e Microsporum. Essas infecções micóticas podem se apresentar na forma de lesões que acometem pele, pelo e unhas de indivíduos de ambos os gêneros e todas as idades. Objetivo: elucidar o perfil epidemiológico de dermatofitoses de pacientes atendidos por um laboratório privado de análises clínicas em João Pessoa-PB, entre 2015 a 2019. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, analítico, retrospectivo e documental, em que a coleta de dados ocorreu no Laboratório de Patologia Clínica ­ HEMATO, localizado em João Pessoa ­ PB. Resultados: o perfil de acometidos foi predominantemente de indivíduos do sexo feminino (58,5%), com 18 a 59 anos de idade (38,4%), brancos (53,6%) e com lesões, principalmente, em pele glabra (38,5%), pés (33,3%) e unhas (12,8%). Ao relacionar a faixa etária com o local da lesão, percebeu-se que lesões em pele glabra, pés e unhas, foram mais frequentes em indivíduos de 18 a 59 anos, enquanto que lesões no couro cabeludo foram majoritariamente encontradas em indivíduos menos de 18 anos. As espécies mais prevalentes foram M. canis (31,9%) e T. rubrum (31,9%). Ao correlacionar a espécie fúngica com o local da lesão, notou-se que M. canis foi o principal agente responsável por lesões em pele glabra, couro cabeludo e mãos, enquanto T. rubrum foi predominantemente observado em unhas e T. mentagrophytes em pés. Conclusão: os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa podem fomentar o desenvolvimento de indicadores e políticas públicas para a população mais susceptível às dermatofitoses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tinea , Arthrodermataceae , Fungi , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 19(3): 489-494, dez 5, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358023

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: investigar a suscetibilidade de cepas fúngicas de Candida parapsilosis isoladas de sangue humano frente ao timol, bem como seu mecanismo de ação. Metodologia: foram utilizadas técnicas de microdiluição em placas de 96 poços para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM). Além disso, foram realizados testes com o sorbitol e o ergosterol para investigar a ação do timol na parede e na membrana celular fúngica respectivamente. Resultados: nos testes de CIM e CFM, foi observado que as cepas de C. parapsilosis são resistentes ao fluconazol e a anfotericina B, no entanto, o timol desempenhou efeito fungicida com razão CFM/CIM entre 1 e 2. Além disso, a CIM do timol não aumentou quando o sorbitol ou o ergosterol foi adicionado no meio, sugerindo fortemente que este monoterpeno não age na parede celular fúngica ou por ligação ao ergosterol na membrana plasmática. Conclusão: portanto, esses resultados contribuem para a elucidação do mecanismo de ação do timol, sugerindo outros possíveis alvos de interação fármaco-receptor. No entanto, mais investigações de caráter enzimático e molecular em modelos in vitro são necessários para que se possa elucidar completamente o modo de ação desse promissor monoterpeno.


Objective: to investigate the susceptibility of fungal strains of Candida parapsilosis isolated from human blood against thymol, as well as its mechanism of action. Methodology: microdilution techniques were used in 96-well plates to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). In addition, tests were performed with sorbitol and ergosterol to investigate the action of thymol on the wall and on the fungal cell membrane respectively. Results: in the CIM and CFM tests, it was observed that C. parapsilosis strains are resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, however, thymol had a fungicidal effect with MFC/MIC ratio between 1 and 2. In addition, thymol MIC did not increase when sorbitol or ergosterol was added in the medium, strongly suggesting that this monoterpene does not act on the fungal cell wall or by binding to ergosterol on the plasma membrane. Conclusion: therefore, these results contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of action of thymol, suggesting other possible targets of drug-receptor interaction. However, further investigations of enzymatic and molecular character in in vitro models are necessary to fully elucidate the mode of action of this promising monoterpene.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thymol , Fluconazole , Amphotericin B , Candidiasis, Invasive , Candida parapsilosis , Anti-Infective Agents , Antifungal Agents , Sorbitol , Ergosterol
5.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 17(1): 57-60, jul.17,2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-909971

ABSTRACT

Introdução: aproximadamente 75% das mulheres saudáveis experimentam pelo menos um episódio sintomático de candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) durante sua vida. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antifúngica contra cepas de C. tropicalis dos enantiômeros (R)-(+) ­ e (S)-(-)-citronelal [(R)-(+) ­ e (S)-(-)-CT] em associação com cetoconazol. Metodologia: o efeito antifúngico de ambos os enantiômeros foram quantificados e classificados como fungicida ou fungistático a partir dos resultados obtidos da microdiluição em meio líquido RPMI1640 para a obtenção da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e da concentração fungicida mínima (CFM). Foram realizados ensaios de associação do antifúngico padrão, cetoconazol com os fitoconstituintes por difusão em Agar e os resultados foram classificados como sinérgicos, antagônicos e indiferentes. Resultados: a CIM50 e a CFM50 dos compostos (R)-(+) ­ e (S)-(-)-citronelal foram respectivamente 16 e 64µg/mL e 2×CIM. Houve sinergismo para todas as cepas testadas com ambos os compostos, porém com maior efeito do enantiômero (S)-(-)-CT sobre as cepas LM 665 e LM 255 em relação ao enantiômero (R)-(+)-CT. Conclusão: os compostos naturais deste estudo mostraram efeito fungicida sobre as cepas testadas, bem como efeito sinérgico significativo quando associado ao cetoconazol


Subject(s)
Female , Candida tropicalis
6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(2): 494-506, mar./apr. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966207

ABSTRACT

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection that affects healthy women of all ages. At least 75% of women will develop one or more infections once during their lifetime, with 6 to 9% of those individuals developing recurrent infections. In view of this context, this study sought to evaluate the antifungal potential of the isolated (R)-(+)-citronellal [(R)-(+)-CT] and associated to therapeutic agents of clinical importance. The enantiomer was solubilized in tween 80 and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Posteriorly diluted in sterile distilled water up to the concentration of 2048µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the product was determined by microdilution in RPMI-1640 obtaining dilutions of 1024-4µg/mL. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by the Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) depletion technique from aliquots of 1µL of the MIC, MIC × 2 and MIC × 4. The MIC and the MFC values of (R)-(+)-CT for 90% of the C. albicans strains were 16 and 32µg/mL respectively. In the susceptibility test, C. albicans presented a high resistance to fluconazole and to itraconazole, 12 (92.30%) of the strains. However, for ketoconazole and miconazole the resistance was of 4 (30.76%) and 3 (23.07%) of the strains respectively. In the combination testing of the (R)-(+)-CT with ketoconazole and miconazole, the resistance was completely reverted. For fluconazole and itraconazole, the resistance was reverted in 9 (75%) and 7 (58.33%) of the strains respectively. The (R)-(+)-CT presented fungicide activity with MFC of MIC × 2. When in combination with ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and miconazole increased the inhibition zones of these antifungal drugs, reducing the resistance against C. albicans.


Candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) é uma infecção fúngica comum que afeta mulheres saudáveis de todas as idades. Pelo menos 75% das mulheres irão desenvolver uma ou mais infecções uma vez durante a vida, com 6 a 9% dos indivíduos desenvolvendo infecções recorrentes. Diante deste contexto, buscou-se avaliar neste estudo o potencial antifúngico do (R)-(+)-citronelal [(R)-(+)-CT] isolado e associado a agentes terapêuticos de importância clínica. O enantiômero foi solubilizado em tween 80 e dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO). Posteriormente diluiu-se em água destilada estéril até a concentração de 2048µg/mL. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do produto foi determinada por microdiluição em meio RPMI-1640 obtendo diluições de 4-1024µg/mL. A concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) foi determinada pela técnica de esgotamento em agar Sabouraud dextrose (ASD) a partir de alíquotas de 1mL da CIM, CIM × 2 e CIM × 4. A CIM e a CFM do (R)-(+)-CT para 90% das cepas de C. albicans foram 16 e 32µg/mL respectivamente. No ensaio de suscetibilidade, C. albicans apresentou alta resistência ao fluconazol e ao itraconazol, 12 (92.30%) das cepas. No em tanto, para o cetoconazol e o miconazol a resistência foi de 4 (30.76%) e 3 (23.07%) das cepas respectivamente. No ensaio de combinação do (R)-(+)-CT com cetoconazol e miconazol, a resistência foi completamente revertida. Para o fluconazol e o itraconazol, a resistências foi revertida em 9 (75%) e 7 (58.33%) das cepas respectivamente. O (R)-(+)-CT apresentou atividade fungicida com CFM igual à CIM × 2. Quando em combinação com cetoconazol, fluconazol, itraconazol e miconazol ampliou as zonas de inibição desses antifúngicos, diminuindo a resistência contra C. albicans.


Subject(s)
Candida albicans , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal , Antifungal Agents
7.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(1): 204-208, jan./feb. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-965892

ABSTRACT

The fungi of the genus Candida play a relevant role in the emergence of oral infections and are increasingly more frequent the cases of infections by non-albicans strains. In light of this context and the need for new alternatives to the antimicrobial therapy, the monoterpene [7-hidroxicitronelal] (7-HO) was evaluated for its antifungal effects. For the obtainment of the MIC and MFC values the broth microdilution method was used. The MIC and the MFC of this monoterpene for 60% of the tested strains was of 256µg/mL and 512µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, the standard antifungal nystatin (100UI/mL) was used as positive control for the inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, were used 4 clinical strains of the species tropicalis (LM 06, LM 14, LM 31 and LM 36) and a standard strain (C. tropicalis ATCC 13803), originated from the Mycology collection of the Mycology Laboratory (LM) of the Health Sciences Center (CCS) of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB). The results obtained in this study showed fungicide activity of the compound (7-OH) against the strains of C. tropicalis.


Os fungos do gênero Candida tem um papel relevante no aparecimento de infecções orais e são cada vez mais frequentes os casos de infecções por cepas não-albicans. Diante deste contexto e da necessidade de novas alternativas para a terapia antimicrobiana, o monoterpeno [7-hidroxicitronelal] (7-HO) foi avaliado pelos seus efeitos antifúngicos. Para a obtenção dos valores da CIM e da CFM foi utilizado o método da microdiluição em caldo. A CIM e a CFM deste monoterpeno para 60% das cepas testadas foram de 256µg/mL e 512µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, o antifúngico padrão nistatina (100UI/mL) foi utilizado como controle positivo para inibir o crescimento fúngico. Por tanto, foram utilizadas 4 cepas clínicas da espécie tropicalis (LM 06, LM 14, LM 31 e LM 36) e uma cepa padrão (C. tropicalis ATCC 13803), oriundas da Micoteca do Laboratório de Micologia (LM) do Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram atividade fungicida do composto (7-OH) contra as cepas de C. tropicalis.


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Candidiasis, Oral , Monoterpenes , Antifungal Agents
8.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 762017. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489557

ABSTRACT

Cladosporium spp. is a group of dematiaceous food-relevant fungi which are well dispersed in the environment causing food spoilage and poisoning. Considering the importance of fungal contamination, natural drugs to control their growth have become important. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two monoterpenoids, (geraniol and citronellol), against strains of Cladosporium carrioni, C. cladosporioides,and C. oxysporum. Methods: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of the drugs were determined by microdilution. The effects of test drugs on mycelial dry weight, conidia germination, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were also investigated using a hemacytometer. Respective MIC and MFC values of citronellol varied from 256 to 512 μg/mL, and from 256 to 2048 μg/mL. The MIC and MFC of geraniol varied similarly to citronellol. Conidia germination, mycelial dry weight, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were reduced by the test-drugs at 1/2MIC, MIC and 2xMIC (p<0.05). These measurable cell events are essential for fungal infection and development in foods. The action of citronellol and geraniol against Cladosporium spp. suggest that the drugs may serve as effective agents for controlling fungal contamination and growth in foods.


Cladosporium spp. é um grupo de fungos dematiáceos relevantes para os alimentos, que podem ser dispersos pelo ambiente e causar deterioração e intoxicação alimentar. Considerando a importância da contaminação fúngica, os produtos naturais usados para controlar seu crescimento são importantes. neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos inibitórios de dois monoterpenoides, geraniol e citronelol, contra cepas de Cladosporium carrioni, C. cladosporioides e C. oxysporum. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) das drogas foram determinadas por microdiluição. os efeitos das drogas-teste sobre a massa micelial seca, a germinação de conídios e a conidiogênese de Cladosporium spp. também foram investigados utilizando um hemocitômetro. os valores de CIM e CFM do citronelol variaram de 256 a 512 μg/mL e de 256 a 2048 μg/mL, respectivamente. CIM e CFM de geraniol variaram de forma semelhante. A germinação de conídios, massa micelial seca e conidiogênese de Cladosporium spp. foram inibidas pelas drogas-teste 1/2CIM, CIM e 2xCIM (p<0,05). Esses eventos celulares são essenciais para a infecção e desenvolvimento fúngico em alimentos. A ação de citronelol e geraniol contra Cladosporium spp. sugere que podem servir como agentes eficazes para controlar a contaminação fúngica e seu crescimento em alimentos.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/analysis , Cladosporium , Monoterpenes/therapeutic use , Food Safety , Biological Products/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 76: 1-8, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-982799

ABSTRACT

Cladosporium spp. is a group of dematiaceous food-relevant fungi which are well dispersed in the environment causing food spoilage and poisoning. Considering the importance of fungalcontamination, natural drugs to control their growth have become important. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two monoterpenoids, (geraniol and citronellol), against strains of Cladosporium carrioni, C. cladosporioides, and C. oxysporum. Methods: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of the drugs were determined by microdilution. The effects of test drugs on mycelial dry weight, conidia germination, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were also investigated using a hemacytometer. Respective MIC and MFC values of citronellol varied from 256 to 512 µg/mL, and from 256 to 2048 µg/mL. The MIC and MFC of geraniol varied similarly to citronellol. Conidia germination, mycelial dry weight, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were reduced by the test-drugs at 1/2MIC, MIC and 2xMIC (p<0.05). These measurable cell events are essential for fungal infection and development infoods. The action of citronellol and geraniol against Cladosporium spp. suggest that the drugs may serveas effective agents for controlling fungal contamination and growth in foods.


Cladosporium spp. é um grupo de fungos dematiáceos relevantes para os alimentos, que podem ser dispersos pelo ambiente e causar deterioração e intoxicação alimentar. Considerando a importância da contaminação fúngica, os produtos naturais usados para controlar seu crescimentosão importantes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos inibitórios de dois monoterpenoides, geraniol e citronelol, contra cepas de Cladosporium carrioni, C. cladosporioides eC. oxysporum. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) das drogas foram determinadas por microdiluição. Os efeitos das drogas-teste sobre a massa micelialseca, a germinação de conídios e a conidiogênese de Cladosporium spp. também foram investigados utilizando um hemocitômetro. Os valores de CIM e CFM do citronelol variaram de 256 a 512 μg/mLe de 256 a 2048 μg/mL, respectivamente. CIM e CFM de geraniol variaram de forma semelhante. A germinação de conídios, massa micelial seca e conidiogênese de Cladosporium spp. foram inibidaspelas drogas-teste 1/2CIM, CIM e 2xCIM (p<0,05). Esses eventos celulares são essenciais para a infecção e desenvolvimento fúngico em alimentos. A ação de citronelol e geraniol contra Cladosporium spp. sugere que podem servir como agentes eficazes para controlar a contaminação fúngica e o seucrescimento em alimentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Products , Cladosporium , Environmental Pollution , Food Supply , Monoterpenes , Mycotoxicosis
10.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 47(1): 159-166, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775100

ABSTRACT

Abstract A bioassay-guided fractionation of two samples of Brazilian red propolis (from Igarassu, PE, Brazil, hereinafter propolis 1 and 2) was conducted in order to determine the components responsible for its antimicrobial activity, especially against Candida spp. Samples of both the crude powdered resin and the crude ethanolic extract of propolis from both locations inhibited the growth of all 12 tested Candida strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 256 µg/mL. The hexane, acetate and methanol fractions of propolis 1 also inhibited all strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL for the six bacteria tested and from 32 to 1024 µg/mL for the yeasts. Similarly, hexane and acetate fractions of propolis sample 2 inhibited all microorganisms tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 512 µg/mL for bacteria and 32 µg/mL for yeasts. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC and their phenolic profile allowed us to identify and quantitate one phenolic acid and seven flavonoids in the crude ethanolic extract. Formononetin and pinocembrin were the major constituents amongst the identified compounds. Formononetin was detected in all extracts and fractions tested, except for the methanolic fraction of sample 2. The isolated isoflavone formononetin inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms tested, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 µg/mL for the six bacteria strains tested and 25 µg/mL for the six yeasts. Formononetin also exhibited fungicidal activity against five of the six yeasts tested. Taken together our results demonstrate that the isoflavone formononetin is implicated in the reported antimicrobial activity of red propolis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Isoflavones/isolation & purification , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Propolis/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Brazil , Bacteria/drug effects , Chemical Fractionation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
11.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 51(4): 861-867, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778407

ABSTRACT

abstract Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, a member of the Malvaceae family, is called malva preta in Brazil. As this species is commonly used to treat bronchitis, cough, and asthma, better knowledge of its chemical compounds is important. The phytochemical study of its hexane extract, using chromatographic techniques, led to isolation of six compounds: the triterpene isoarborinol, a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, pheophytin a, and 132-hydroxy-(132-S)-pheophytin a. Structural identification of these compounds was carried out using spectroscopic methods such as IR and 1D and 2D NMR (HOMOCOSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY). Compounds isolated from S. micranthum were screened for their in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity against twenty fungal and bacterial standard strains. Pheophytin a exhibited antimicrobial action against all microorganisms tested.


resumo Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, pertencente à família Malvaceae, é conhecida no Brasil como "malva preta". A espécie é popularmente usada contra bronquite, tosse e asma, mostrando a relevância de conhecer melhor sua composição química. O estudo fitoquímico do extrato hexânico da espécie, utilizando técnicas cromatográficas, conduziu ao isolamento de seis compostos: o triterpeno isoarborinol, mistura de sitosterol e estigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo, feofitina a e de 132-hidroxi-(132-S)-feofitina a. A identificação estrutural destes compostos foi realizada com base em métodos espectroscópicos, tais como IV, RMN 1D e 2D (HOMOCOSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY). As substâncias isoladas de Sidastrum micranthum foram avaliadas quanto às suas atividades antimicrobianas in vitro, contra vinte cepas fúngicas e bacterianas. A feofitina a mostrou ação antimicrobiana contra todos os microrganismos testados.


Subject(s)
Pheophytins/analysis , Malvaceae/classification , Chemical Compounds/analysis , Phytochemicals/analysis , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics
12.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 74(3): 266-273, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-786790

ABSTRACT

Os fungos anemófilos são importantes agentes contaminantes e deteriorantes de alimentos, especialmente frutas e seus produtos. Neste estudo foram identificados os principais gêneros fúngicos presentes na microbiota anemófila de uma indústria de polpas de frutas, localizada no interior da Paraíba, e foi investigada a ação antifúngica de terpenos como possível alternativa de controle do crescimento fúngico. Os fungos foram coletados pela exposição de placas de Petri contendo meio Agar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol (50 μg/mL). Após a incubação a 28 °C durante sete dias, foram realizadas a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias e sua descrição. Os fungos foram identificados pela análise morfológica das colônias isoladas. O principal gênero isolado em toda indústria foi o dematiáceo Cladosporium spp. Os ensaios de sensibilidade foram efetuados aplicando-se a técnica de difusão em meio sólido com discos contendo os terpenos: carvacrol, citronelal, citral, linalol, timol, terpinoleno, p-cimeno e β-cariofileno. A efetividade de alguns destes terpenos frente a cepas do Cladosporium spp foi demonstrada, com destaque para o citral e carvacrol. A indústria de polpas de frutas apresenta ar de ambiente vulnerável, especialmente contaminação por Cladosporium spp. Pretende-se impulsionar novos estudos com produtos naturais na perspectiva de diminuir a contaminação fúngica em alimentos.


Airborne fungi are important food contaminants and spoiling agents, especially in fruits and their derivatives. This study aimed at identifying the main fungi in the airborne microbiota in a fruit pulp industry, located in Paraíba State, and to investigate the antifungal action of terpenes as an alternative for controlling fungal growth. The Petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (50 μg/mL) were exposed for collecting the fungi. The plates were incubated at 28 °C for seven days; then the colony forming unitscounting, and description were performed. The identification of fungi was performed by the morphological analysis of isolated colonies. The main group of fungi isolated throughout the industry was Cladosporium spp. Antifungal tests were performed by diffusion technique in solid medium with discs containing terpenes: carvacrol, citronellal, citral, linalool, thymol, terpinolene, p-cymene and β-caryophyllene. The effectiveness of some of these terpenes against Cladosporium spp. strains was shown, especially citral and carvacrol. Based on these results, the fruit pulp industry shows vulnerable ambient air, notably with high contamination by Cladosporium spp. Thus, it is aimed at promoting further studies with natural drugs in order to reduce the fungal contamination in food.


Subject(s)
Cladosporium , Fungi , Microbiota , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Terpenes
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-167050

ABSTRACT

Aims: The incidence of fungal infections has increased over the last ten years and fungi of the genus Penicillium can be found in various substrates and affect immunocompromised people, hospitalized patients, many animals and plants, as well as compromise the quality of air indoors. The current situation of indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the consequent resistance of microorganisms to conventional antimicrobial therapy has been stimulating researchers to seek alternative sources of antimicrobial compounds, among them the medicinal plants. The tendency of getting phytochemicals from extracts, fractions, fixed or essential oils obtained from plant species is currently observed. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of seven phytochemicals (geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, linalool, p-cymene, terpinolene and citral) against twelve samples of Penicillium. Place of Study: Laboratory tests were carried out at the Mycology Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, located in the Health Sciences Center (CCS) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). Methodology: Firstly, screening was carried out to find the phytochemical with the best activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution technique. Following, the tests were proceeded with thymol to determine of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Results: Through analysis of results, it is observed that carvacrol, thymol and citral showed the best activities of the samples of Penicillium studied. The MIC values were 256 mg / mL, for carvacrol and citral, and 128 mg / mL, for thymol (compound showed better results). The thymol had its MIC 90 established at 128 mg / mL, inhibiting, at this concentration, 92% of the tested samples. Analyzing compared to MIC and MFC, it was observed that thymol presented CFM values similar to CIM values for 1/3 of the samples, showing also values greater than 1024 mg / mL for only two samples. The CFM value ranged from 128 μg/ml to 1024 μg/ml. Conclusion: The thymol is a promising new possibility among the products with antifungal activity against Penicillium, however if the performance is needed further studies, deeper, about their mechanism of action and toxicity, as well as in vivo tests, aiming a possible application therapy.

14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-166993

ABSTRACT

Cladosporium carrionii is considered the most important pathogenic species of genus because of the numerous cases of disease which causes in the world. Due to its antifungal resistance, these fungal infections are difficult to treat. Given the broad biological activity displayed by natural products, essential oils obtained from plants are often investigated to determine their antimicrobial activity. Aims: Therefore, we identified components of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil, investigating in vitro antifungal activity against strains of C. carrionii. Methodology: Identification of the chemical composition of the oil was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The antifungal activity of M. officinalis L. essential oil was investigated against 08 strains of C. carrionii determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), effects on mycelial growth, and conidial germination. Results: The GC-MS results revealed 4 major components; geranial (52%), citral (38.90%), trans- β-caryophyllene (1.22%), and germacrene D (0.84%). M. officinalis L. essential oil inhibited the growth of all (100%) of the strains of C. carrionii tested. The MIC and MFC were established at 256 μg/ml. Inhibition of radial mycelial growth began at 128 μg/ml (MIC/2), and at both 2 x MIC and 4 x MIC the inhibition was complete. We also observed significant conidial germination inhibition at all concentrations when compared to the control (P<0.05). The inhibition increased with concentration so that at 2 x MIC complete (100%) conidia germination inhibition was observed. Conclusion: Finally, our study results point to M. officinalis L. essential oil as a potential antifungal agent against C. carrionii.

15.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(3): 381-385, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676236

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor is a fungal infection caused by Malassezia spp. that has frequent relapses. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this research was to perform phase I and II clinical studies, using formulations containing essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in patients with pityriasis versicolor. METHODS: Phase I study included twenty volunteers to ascertain the safety of the formulations. In phase II, 47 volunteers randomly received essential oil formulations at 1.25 μL/mL concentration, for forty days. The shampoo should be applied three times a week and the cream twice a day. A control group in phase II, consisting of 29 volunteers, received the same formulations but with 2% ketoconazole as the active ingredient. RESULTS: No significant adverse events were observed in volunteers during Phase I. In Phase II, 30 (63.83%) volunteers using essential oil and 18 (62.07%) using ketoconazole remained until the end of the study. We observed a predominance of lesions in disseminated form, with M. sympodialis detected as the predominant agent identified in cultures. After 40 days of treatment, the rate of mycological cure was 60% (p <0.05) for the group treated with essential oil of C. citratus and over 80% (p <0.05) for the group treated with ketoconazole formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the safety and antifungal effects observed in this study after application of formulations containing the essential oil of C. citratus, further studies with larger populations should be performed to confirm the actual potential of these formulations in the treatment of patients with Pityriasis versicolor. .


FUNDAMENTOS: Pitiríase versicolor é uma micose causada pela Malassezia spp., e que apresenta frequentes recidivas. OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho objetivou realizar estudos clínicos de fase I e II, para essa patologia, com óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus. MÉTODOS: Na fase I, participaram vinte voluntários para averiguar a segurança das formulações. Na fase II, 47 voluntários receberam as formulações do óleo essencial a 1,25 μL/mL, as quais deveriam ser utilizadas por quarenta dias, sendo o xampu três vezes por semana e o creme duas vezes ao dia. Um grupo controle na fase II, constituído por 29 voluntários recebeu as mesmas formulações, com cetoconazol a 2%. RESULTADOS: Verificada a segurança das formulações com a finalização da fase I, onde nenhuma reação adversa significativa foi observada nos indivíduos sadios, conduziu-se a fase II. Nesta segunda fase, 30 (63,83%) voluntários utilizando óleo essencial e 18 (62,07%) cetoconazol permaneceram até o final do estudo. Observaram-se nos pacientes com pitiríase versicolor predomínio de lesões na forma disseminada e M. sympodialis foi o agente predominante identificado em cultura. Após 40 dias de tratamento, obteve-se um percentual de cura micológica de 60% (p < 0,05) para o grupo tratado com óleo essencial de C. citratus e superior a 80% (p < 0,05) para o grupo tratado com cetoconazol. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da segurança e efeito antifúngico observados após aplicação das formulações contendo óleo essencial de C. citratus, outros estudos com maior número de portadores de pitiríase versicolor precisam ser realizados para confirmar o real potencial destas f...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cymbopogon/chemistry , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage , Phytotherapy , Tinea Versicolor/drug therapy , Hair Preparations/therapeutic use , Malassezia , Pilot Projects , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
16.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 12(3): 357-361, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874737

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar in vitro a atividade antifúngica do ácido maléico, contido nos vinagres de maçã, através do estabelecimento da sua Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM). Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa laboratorial, experimental e que apresenta uma abordagem indutiva e observação direta intensiva. Utilizou-se vinagre de maçã Minhoto® com concentração inicial de ácido maléico de 4%. Foram testadas nos ensaios oitos cepas do gênero Candida, sendo cinco de Candida albicans e três de Candida tropicalis. A determinação da CIM foi feita pela técnica da microdiluição em Caldo Sabourand Dextrose, e, seqüencialmente, a CFM foi determinada, utilizando-se os princípios da mesma técnica. Resultados: Foi observada CIM do vinagre de maçã de 2.500 µg/mL para todas as cepas ensaiadas. Em relação à CFM, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803 foi sensível a uma concentração de 10000 µg/mL, enquanto que Candida tropicalis 33 e Candida albicans LM 615 a 5000 µg/mL. Para as demais cepas foi observada CFM de 2.500 µg/mL. A nistatina apresentou CIM de 3,125 µg/mL para as oito cepas teste e valores de CFM variando entre 3,125 µg/mL e 12,5 µg/mL. Conclusão: Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, o vinagre de maçã apresenta-se como agente fungicida e fungistático, o que nos fornece indicativos para avaliação deste quando em contato com bases de próteses dentárias e combate a infecções micóticas que acometem a cavidade bucal, havendo, ainda, a necessidade de realização de ensaios diversos a respeito do comportamento do vinagre de maçã em contato com o meio bucal e os materiais constituintes das próteses, a fim determinar a correta forma de utilização do mesmo para que se possa obter excelência de resultados.


Objective: To determine in vitro the antifungal activity of maleic acid contained in apple vinegars by the establishment of its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). Method: This investigation was a laboratory, experimental research with an inductive approach and intensive direct observation. A commercial apple vinegar (Minhoto®) containing maleic acid with initial concentration of 4% was used. Eight Candida strains were tested in the assays, being five Candida albicans and three Candida tropicalis. The MIC was determined by the microdiluition technique in Sabourand Dextrose broth, and, sequentially, the MFC was determined, using the principles of the same technique. Results: The MIC of apple vinegar was 2,500 µg/mL for all strains. Regarding MFC, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803 was sensitive to a concentration of 10,000 µg/mL, while Candida tropicalis 33 and Candida albicans LM were sensitive to concentrations from 615 to 5,000 µg/mL. For the other strains, a MFC of 2,500 µg/mL was obtained. Nystatin presented MIC of 3,125 µg/mL for the eight test strains and MFC values ranging from 3,125 µg/mL to 12.5 µg/mL. Conclusion: Considering the obtained results, apple vinegar presents fungicidal and fungistatic actions, which provide evidence for evaluation of this agent when in contact with denture bases, and treats oral mycotic infections. However, several assays are needed to investigate the behavior of apple vinegar in contact with the oral cavity and the denture base materials in order to determine its correct mode of use to obtain excellence in the outcomes.


Subject(s)
Mouth/microbiology , Mouth/pathology , Candida , Dental Prosthesis , Acetic Acid , Data Interpretation, Statistical , In Vitro Techniques
17.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 12(3): 393-398, out. 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874733

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antifúngica, o efeito sobre a cinética de morte microbiana e as alterações morfológicas do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum cassia (canela) sobre cepas de Candida albicans isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e cepa padrão (ATCC 76485). Método: Suspensões fúngicas (106UFC/mL) foram preparadas a partir de amostras clínicas (n=15) e padrão (n=1) de C. albicans. Emulsões do óleo essencial foram avaliadas em concentrações que variaram entre 1024µg/mL e 4µg/mL. A ação antifúngica foi determinada pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), por meio da técnica da microdiluição. Realizou-se o ensaio de cinética sobre a morte das leveduras (tempos 0, 30, 60, 180 minutos e 24h), bem como a avaliação da interferência do óleo essencial sobre a micromorfologia das cepas. O miconazol (50 µg/mL) foi utilizado como controle e a análise estatística se deu pelos testes Kruska-Wallis e Dunn (p menor que 0,05). Resultados: A CIM variou entre 64 e 128 µg/mL, frente às cepas testadas. Para o teste de cinética, verificou-se ação antifúngica de C. cassia nas concentrações CIM, 2xCIM e 4xCIM, em todos os tempos analisados. O controle de crescimento foi estatisticamente diferente do miconazol e do óleo essencial (p menor que 0,01), não sendo observada diferença estatística entre o efeito do miconazol e do produto natural (p maior que 0,05). Alterações na micromorforlogia das cepas (ausência de pseudohifas e clamidoconídeos) foram verificadas na CIM. Conclusão: O óleo essencial de C. cassia, semelhante ao miconazol, apresentou atividade antifúngica e efeito sobre a cinética de morte microbiana. Os produtos avaliados provocaram alterações sobre a micromorfologia das cepas testadas.


Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity, the effect on microbial death kinetics and the morphological alterations caused by Cinnamomum cassia (canela) essential oil against Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV-positive patients and a reference strain (ATCC 76485). Method: Fungal suspensions (106CFU/mL) were prepared from clinical (n=15) and reference (n=1) C. albicans samples. Essential oil emulsions were evaluated at concentrations between 1024 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL. The antifungal action was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the microdiluition technique. The kinetics assay for yeast death was performed (times: 0, 30, 60, 180 minutes and 24 h) as well as evaluation of the interference of the essential oil on the micromorphology of the strains. Miconazol (50 µg/mL) was used as a control. The statistical analysis was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p less than 0.05). Results: The MIC varied from 64 to 128 µg/mL for the tested strains. The kinetics assay revealed antifungal action of the C. cassia at the concentrations MIC, 2xMIC and 4xMIC, at all analyzed times. Growth control was significantly different for miconazol and for the essential oil (p less than 0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the effect of miconazol and the natural product (p greater than 0.05). Alterations in the micromorphology of the strains (absence de pseudohifas and chlamydoconidias) were verified in the MIC. Conclusion: In the same way as miconazol, C. cassia essential oil presented antifungal activity and effect on microbial death kinetics. The tested products caused alterations on the micromorphology of the tested strains.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Fungal , Candida albicans , Candidiasis, Oral/etiology , Products with Antimicrobial Action , Statistics, Nonparametric
18.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 71(2): 386-391, abr.-jun. 2012. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-688203

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the sensitivity of Malassezia spp. strains, the etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor, to essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by GC-MS, and the major constituents were: geraniol (52.80%), neral (36.65%) and myrcene (3.73%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. citratus essential oil on to 22 strains of Malassezia spp. were determined by agar dilution technique in the presence and absence of ergosterol (50-250 ìg/mL) and sorbitol (0.8 M). Increased MIC values in the presence of ergosterol indicate an effect on fungal membrane, and the higher MIC values in the presence of sorbitol indicate a mechanism of action on thecell wall. The MIC ranged from 0.31 to 1.25 ìL/mL and it increased fourfold in the presence of ergosterol, regardless of concentration tested; and this fact was most likely related to the occurrence of the oil and exogenous ergosterol complexes. No change in MIC values in the presence of sorbitol was found. The sedata infer that C. citratus essential oil causes an effect on Malassezia spp. plasma membrane synthesis by binding to ergosterol. This study contributes to the development of new antifungal drugs, especially against Malassezia spp.


Subject(s)
Mycoses , Cymbopogon , Malassezia
19.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 11(2): 169-171, Abr.-Jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699768

ABSTRACT

A candidose bucal é a infecção oportunista mais frequente no paciente HIV+ e representa um marcador da progressão da AIDS. O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever um caso de candidose bucal recorrente em paciente HIV+. Desenvolvimento: Paciente, sexo masculino, 46 anos, HIV infectado compareceu ao Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB, apresentando placas brancas que se desprendiam ao raspado, localizadas na mucosa jugal, labial e orofaringe e ainda fissura na comissura labial. O paciente referia dificuldade de deglutir, ardor bucal e na garganta, rouquidão e perda do paladar. O diagnóstico clínico foi candidose pseudomembranosa bucal e de orofaringe e queilite angular. Obteve-se diagnóstico definitivo, realizando-se exame micológico que mostrou presença de Candida albicans (CFU= 430). Prescreveu-se fluconazol 100mg 12/12h, durante uma semana. O paciente retorna com remissão do quadro clínico. No presente relato, são discutidos os fatores predisponentes, a relação com níveis de CD4+, as características clínicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da candidose bucal. Conclusão: É importante o exame clínico bucal e micológico para diagnóstico da candidose bucal. Ressalta-se a atuação do cirurgião-dentista no controle da saúde bucal e geral do paciente HIV+.


DOral candidiasis is the most frequent opportunistic fungical infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and it uses to represent a marker for AIDS' progression. This paper aims to describe a case of oral candidosis and oropharynx in a HIV+ patient. Development: Patient, male, 46 years old, HIV infected, attended the SIVIH/HULW showing white plaques that could be scraped off, located in the jugal, labial mucosa and oropharynx, as well as showing clefts in the labial commissures. He related difficulty swallowing, oral and throat burn, hoarseness and loss of taste. The clinical diagnosis was oral pseudomembranous candidosis, oropharynx and angular cheilitis. Definitive diagnosis has been obtained by performing mycological examination that showed the presence of Candida albicans (CFU= 430). Fluconazole 100 mg 12/12 h during one week has been prescribed. Patient returned showing total remission of clinical frame, with negative result for candida. In this case, predisposing factors, relation with CD4+ levels, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment for oral candidosis and oropharynx are discussed. Conclusion: Oral and mycological clinical examination are important for diagnosis of oral candidosis. The role of the dentist is emphasized in the control of oral and general health of the HIV+ patient.

20.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 44(3-4): 160-164, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722778

ABSTRACT

A criptococose é uma infecção fúngica causada pela levedura Cryptococcus neoformans que acomete tanto hospedeiros normais quanto imunocomprometidos. Nos últimos anos, o número de cepas resistentes a váriso antifúngicos de uso clínico tem apresentado um vertiginoso crescimento. Neste contexto, é de fundamental importância a pesquisa de novas alternativas terapêuticas, através do estudo com produtos naturais, substâncias isoladas e sintéticas, como as imidas cíclicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica das imidas cíclicas frente a cepas de Cruptococcus neofornans. A triagem antifúngica foi realizada utilizando a técnica de difusão em meio sólido. Para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima, foi empregada a técnica da microdiluição. Foram testadas naftalimidas, succimidas e maleimidas. Dentre estas substâncias, as maleimidas ... De acordo com os resultados , as maleimidas surgem como candidatas a antifúngicos por atuarem contra uma espécie de microorganismo que comumente causa infecções.


Subject(s)
Cryptococcosis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Imides , Mycoses
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